Discovering Skype

Communicating and Collaborating using ICT

Discovering Skype

Using Skype

Skype provides you features that are free to use. These features are Skype account and latest downloads, video and voice calls, instant messaging and file sharing. What you will need to get started using Skype are: Internet connection, webcam (optional for video calling), a computer or mobile device with a microphone and speakers or a headset attached.

To begin using Skype, you have to sign up for a Skype account and later download it to your computer for use. To sign up, do the following:

1. Go to www.skype.com. Skype's home page will appear like the one below.

2. Click Sign in button. Skype will let you choose whether to create an account or sign in.

3. Click Create an account tab.

4. Fill out the needed data and follow the instructions.

5. At the bottom of the page, click I agree-Continue button if you have successfully created your account.

6. You may then download Skype if your computer or mobile device still does not have it. Just carefully follow the instructions.

When it is complete, Skype opens and the sign-in screen is displayed.

Now that you have Skype on your computer, let’s get started! You can also try it with your mobile devices but there will be some differences on the steps as this text book uses Skype in a desktop computer.

7. Start signing in by clicking Skype name. There you will be prompted to enter your Skype name and Password.

8. You are nearly done. Skype will instruct you to check your sound and video and set your profile pic. Click the Continue button.

9. Click Test sound button. If you hear the test sound clearly, then proceed checking your video.

Web cam is optional for Skype call. But if you have a web cam installed in your computer, then a video automatically appears on the window. Click Continue.

10. If you want to add a profile picture, click Continue, then you may take a picture of yourself using your webcam, or browse for a picture in your computer. Otherwise, click Add later.

Adding a Skype Contact

1. Enter the full name, Skype Name or email of your friend into the global search box at the top-left of the screen, under your Skype Name.

2. Click Search Skype. Search results will appear at the left side of your screen.

3. Click the contact you want to add, and their profile information will display at the top of the screen

4. Click Add to Contacts.

5. Enter some text to introduce yourself, then click Send.

As soon as your new contact accepts your request, you can see when they are online, and make free voice and video calls with them.

If you happen to receive a contact request, do the following to accept it:

1. Under RECENT, select the contact request you would like to accept.

2. Select Accept.

Importing Facebook Contacts to Skype

1. Click Contacts menu.

2. Select Import Contacts.

3. Enter your user name and password for your Facebook account and click Import.

4. The people in your Facebook contacts who have Skype accounts associated with their Facebook accounts are listed.

• To import all contacts, click Add contacts.

To import only some contacts, uncheck those you don't want to import and click Add contacts.

If you don't want to add any contacts from the list, click Skip.

You can also connect your Skype account to your Facebook account if you have one. In the Contacts tab, dick the down arrow next to All and select Facebook. A Facebook log-in page opens in Skype Home. Enter your Facebook log-in details and dick

Log In to connect your account to Facebook. Click Video Call to start a video call with any of your friends who are currently logged in to Facebook.

Calling Someone in your Contact list

You can talk to anyone from your contacts on Skype, anywhere in the world, for free. To do this, follow these steps:

1. In Skype, click the Contacts tab.

2. Find the person you would like to call.

3. Click the contact. The details of this person appear in the main window.

4. Click Call or Video Call.

5. To end the call, click the End call button.

Making a Group Video Call (Video Conferencing)

You can have group video calls in Skype anywhere in the world.

However, only Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8/8.1, and Mac users can start a group video call. But mobile device users can join it (with audio only). Each person on the call should make sure that their webcam is working properly. So, to start:

1. Select the Create a group mm icon.

2. Click a contact you wish to add to the group video call and drag it into the Empty group area. Repeat this step for each of the contacts you wish to add to the group video call. In order to have a quality group video call, it is recommended to have up to five contacts.

3. Click the Video call button.

• To drop individual contact from the call, move your mouse over the person's image and click the red icon. Only the host of the group video call can do this.

• To end the call, click the End Call button.

Making a Group Call (Audio Conferencing)

You can share a group call with up to 25 people. If these people are

on Skype, then the call is completely free.

1. Select the Create a Group icon.

2. Click a contact you wish to add to the group video call and drag it into the Empty group area. Repeat this step for each of the contacts you wish to add to the group video call. In order to have a quality group video call, it is recommended to have up to five contacts.

3. Click the Call group button.

If you want to call the same group of contacts again, then you can save the group in your contacts by clicking the Save group in contacts button (at the top right), enter a name for the group and click OK.

Analyzing Information using ICT

Analyzing Information using ICT

Selected Math Functions in Excel

One of the many built-in functions provided by Excel that is useful for entrepreneurs at your age is the functions under the category of Math.

The Math functions in Excel perform many of the common mathematical calculations, including basic arithmetic, conditional sums & products, and the trigonometric ratios. However, only few of them will be tackled here in this lesson. The selected functions are those that cover basic and advanced mathematical operations, conditional sums and rounding. These functions are presented in the table below.

Function Description Syntax

SUM Adds all the numbers in a range of cells SUM(numberl, number2,...)

PRODUCT Multiplies all the numbers given as arguments PRODUCT(numberl, number2,...)

QUOTIENT Returns the integer portion of a division QUOTIEIMT(numerator, denominator)

POWER Returns the result of a number raised to a power POWER(number, power)

MOD Returns the remainder after MOD(number, divisor) a number is divided by a divisor

SUMPRODUCT Returns the sum of the SUMPRODUCT(arrayl, array2, ...) products of corresponding ranges or arrays

SUMSQ Returns the sum of the SUMSQ(numberl, number2, ...) squares of the arguments

SUMIF Adds the cells specified by a SUMIFS(range, criteria, sum_range) given condition or criteria

SUMIFS Adds the cells specified by a SUMIF(sum_range, criteria_range, given set of conditions or criteria) criteria

ROUND ' Rounds a number to a ROUND(number, num_digits) specified number of digits

SUM Function:

• To get the sum of the values in column X of the table, you type the formula below and you will get 36

=SUM(A2:A6)

• To get the sum of the values in column X and column Z, you type the formula below and you will get 65

=SUM(A2:A6,C2:C6)

To get the sum of the values in the table, you type the formula below and you will get 102

=SUM(A2:C6)

PRODUCT Function

• To get the product of the values in column X of the table, you type the formula below and you will get 16800

=PRODUCT(A2:A6)

• To get the product of the values in the first row of the table, you type the formula below and you will get 240

=PRODUCT (A2: C2)

• To get the product of the values in the first and third row of the table, you type the formula below and you will get 190080

=SUM(A2:C2,A4:C4)

QUOTIENT Function:

• To get the quotient of the value in the first cell of the table as the numerator and 2 as the denominator, you type the formula below and you will get 6

=QUOTIENT(A2,2)

• To get the quotient of the value in the first cell of the table as the numerator and the second cell to the right as the denominator, you type the formula below and you will get 1

=QUOTIENT(A2,B2)

POWER Function:

• To get the square of the value in the first cell of the table, you type the formula below and you will get 144

=POWER(A2,2)

MOD Function:

• To get the remainder of the value in the first cell of the table and 2 as the divisor, you type the formula below and you will get 0

=MOD(A2,2)

• To get the remainder of the value in the first cell of the table and the second cell to the right as the divisor, you type the formula below and you will get 2

=MOD(A2,B2)

SUMPRODUCT Function

• If you want to multiply the values in column X and column Y of the table and then add the products, you type the formula below and you will get 298

=SUMPRODUCT(A2:A6,B2:B6)

SUMSQ Function

• If you want to get the sum of the squares of the values in column

X, you type the formula below and you will get 307

=SUMSQ(A2:A6)

SUMIF Function

• If you want to add only the values in column X that are larger than

5, you type the formula below and you will get 27

=SUMIF(A2:A6, ">5")

• If you want to add only the values in column Z, where the corresponding cells in column X is larger than 5, you type the formula below and you will get 19

=SUMIF(A2:A6, ">5", C2:C6)

SUMIFS Function

• If you want to add the values in column Z only if two conditions are met:

o The corresponding cells in column X is larger than 5, and

o The corresponding cells in column Y is smaller than 5. then you type the formula below and you will get 0

=SUMIFS(C2:C6, A2:A6, ">5", B2:B6, "<5")

• If you want to add the values in column Z only if two conditions are met:

o The corresponding cells in column X is smaller than 10, and

o The corresponding cells in column Y is larger than 5. then you type the formula below and you will get 22

=SUMIFS(C2:C6, A2:A6, "<10", B2:B6, ">5")

ROUND Function

• After dividing the value in the first cell of the table by the value in the second cell to the right of the table, you want to round the result to two decimal places, you type the formula below and you will get 1.2

=ROUND(A2/B2, 2)

• After dividing 5 by 6 and you want to round the result to two decimal places, you type the formula below and you will get 0.83

=ROUND(5/6, 2)

• To round 0.6489 to two decimal places, you type the formula below and you will get 0.65

=ROUND(0.6489, 2)

Selected Text and Logical Functions in 

Microsoft Excel

Function Description Syntax

CONCATENATE Joins several text strings into one text string CONCATENATE(text1, text2,...)

LEN Returns the number of characters in a text string LEN (text)

LOWER Converts all letters in a text string to lowercase LOWER(text)

UPPER Converts all letters in a text string to uppercase UPPER(text)

LEFT Returns the leftmost characters from a text value LEFT(text, num_chars)

RIGHT Returns the rightmost characters from a text value RIGHT(text, num_chars)

AND Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE AND(logical1, logical2, ...)

IF Checks whether a condition is met and returns one value if TRUE, otherwise returns another value IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)

OR Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE OR(logicall, logical2, ...)

CONCATENATE Function

• If you want to create a sentence by joining the data in the cells with other text, then type the formula below and you will get

The teacher of Xavier is A' for the first cell.

=CONCATENATE("The teacher of ",A2, " is ”,B2)

LEN Function

• If you want to find the number of characters in a cell, then type the given formula and you will get 6.

=LEN(A2)

LOWER Function

• If you want to change the text to all lowercase, then type the formula below and you will get "xavier".

=LOWER(A2)

UPPER Function

• If you want to change the text to all uppercase, then type the formula below and you will get "XAVIER".

=UPPER(A2)

LEFT Function

• If you want to get the first character of the string in a cell, then type the formula below and you will get "X".

=LEFT(A2)

• If you want to get the first two characters of the string in a cell, then type the formula below and you will get "Xa".

=LEFT(A2,2)

RIGHT Function

• If you want to get the first character to the right of the string in a cell, then type the formula below and you will get "r".

=RIGHT(A2)

• If you want to get the first two characters to the right of the string in a cell, then type the formula below and you will get "er".

=RIGHT(A2,2)

IF Function

• If you want to return one value if a condition is true and another value if it's false, then try the following:

=IF(C2>35,"Very Good","Good") Result: Very Good

=IF(C2>40,"Excellent", IF(C2>35,"Very Good","Good")) Result: Excellent

AND Function

• If you want to evaluate whether the arguments are true, then type the following:

=AND(2+2=4, 2+3=5) Result: TRUE

=AND(1<C2, C2<100) Result: TRUE

=IF(AND(1<C2,C2<100), A2, "The value is out of range.") Result: Xavier

OR Function

• If you want to evaluate if any of the argument is true, then type the following:

=OR(2+2=4, 2+3=5) Result: TRUE

=OR(50<C2, C2<100) Result: TRUE

=IF(C)R(50<C2,C2>100),A2, "The value is out of range.") Result: The value is out of range.

Selected Statistical Functions in

Microsoft Excel

Function Description Syntax 1

AVERAGE Returns the average of its arguments AVERAGE(numberl,number2,...)

AVERAGEIF Finds the average of all the cells in a range that meet a AVERAGE( range, criteria, average_range)

COUNT given criteria Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments COUNT(valuel,value2,...)

COUNTA Counts how many values are in the list of arguments COUNTA(valuel,value2,...)

COUNTIF Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria COUNTIF(range,criteria)

MAX Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments MAX(numberl,number2,...)

MIN Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments MIN(numberl,number2,...)

MEDIAN Returns the median of the given numbers MEDIAN(numberl,number2,...)

MODE.SNGL Returns the most common value in a data set MODE.SNGL(numberl,number2,...)

RANK.AVG Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers; its size relative to other values in the list; if more than one value has the same rank, the average rank is returned

AVERAGE Function

• If you want to get the Average of the three scores, then type the formula below and you will get 30.

=AVERAGE(B3: D3)

AVERAGEIF Function

• If you want to get the Average of all the scores less than 30, then type the formula below and you will get 23.91

=AVERAGEIF(B3:D17,"<30")

• If you want to get the Average of all the scores in Exam2 with an Example greater than 40, then type the formula below and you will get 24.67

=AVERAGEIF(B3:B17,">40",C3:C17)

COUNT Function

• If you want to count the number of cells that contain numbers in cells B3:B17, then use the formula below and you will get 15

=COUNT(B3:B17)

COUNTA Function

• If you want to count the number of nonblank cells in cells B3 through B17, then use the formula below and you will get 15

=COUNTA(B3:B17)

COUNTIF Function

• If you want to count the number of cells with 40 in cells B3 through B17, then use the formula below and you will get 1

=COUNTIF(B3: B17,40)

If you want to count the number of cells with a value greater than

40 in cells B3 through B17, then use the formula below and you will get 3

=COUNTIF(B3:B17,">40")

• If you want to count the number of cells with a value greater than

40 in cells B3 through B17 and a value greater than 20 in cells C3 through C17, then use the formula below and you will get 17

=COUNTIF(B3:B17/'>40")+COUNTIF(C3:C17,">20,,)

• If you want to count the number of cells with a value that starts with letter "B" in cells A3 through A17, then use the formula below and you will get 2

=COUNTIF(A3:A17,"B*")

MAX Function

• If you want to know the largest value in cells B3 through B17, then use the formula below and you will get 44

=MAX(B3:B17)

MIN Function

• If you want to know the smallest value in cells B3 through B17, then use the formula below and you will get 24

=MIN(B3:B17)

MEDIAN Function

• If you want to know the number in the middle of a set of numbers

in cells B3 through B17, then use the formula below and you will

get 34

=MEDIAN(B3:B17)

MODE.SNGL Function

• If you want to know the most frequently occurring, or repetitive

value in cells B3 through B17, then use the formula below and

you will get 32

=MODE.SNGL(B3:B17)

RANK.AVG Function

• If you want to know the rank of the score 32 in the cells B3nthrough B17, then use the formula below and you will get 10

=RANK.AVG(32,B3:B17)

• If you want to know the rank of your pupils based from their scores in Example, where Rank 1 is the one who got the highest, then use the formula below. You will get Rank 5.5 for Xavier.

=RANK.AVG(B3,B3:B17)

• If you want to know the rank of your pupils based from their scores in Example, where Rank 1 is the one who got the lowest, then use the formula below. You will get Rank 10.5 for Xavier.

=RANK.AVG(B3,B3:B17,1)

In RANK. A VG function, if Order is 0 or omitted, Excel ranks number

\ as if ref were a list sorted in descending order. If Order is any

nonzero value, Excel ranks number as if ref were a list sorted in

ascending order.